Las prácticas químicas a través de sus transformaciones
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A partir de los “ejemplares” kuhnianos, lo que significa incorporar los instrumentos en los procesos de cambio, y sustituir el concepto de revolución por el de transformación, se describe la construcción y el desarrollo de la química identificando su método particular: análisis y síntesis. Todo ello acompañado por el surgimiento de nuevas subdisciplinas y de nuevas entidades u objetos epistémicos, que acumuladas, se fueron integrando en los robustos ejemplares de sus cambiantes prácticas, al mismo tiempo que se introdujeron importantes modificaciones industriales.
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Chamizo Guerrero, J. A. (2022). Las prácticas químicas a través de sus transformaciones. Crítica. Revista Hispanoamericana De Filosofía, 54(162), 57–82. https://doi.org/10.22201/iifs.18704905e.2022.1389
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Aftalion, F., 2001, A History of the International Chemical Industry, Chemical Heritage Press, Filadelfia.
Arabatzis, T., 2008, “Experimenting on (and with) Hidden Entities: The Inextricability of Representation and Intervention”, en U. Feest, H-J. Rheinberger, J. Schickore y F. Steinle (eds.), Generating Experimental Knowledge, Max Plank Institute for the History of Science, Berlín, pp. 7–17.
Arabatzis, T., 2006, Representing Electrons. A Biographical Approach to Theoretical Entities, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Bachelard, G., 1993, La filosofía del no: ensayo de una filosofía del nuevo espíritu científico, Amorrortu, Buenos Aires.
Bachelard, G., 1976, Materialismo racional, Paidós, Buenos Aires.
Baird, D., 2004, Thing Knowledge. A Philosophy of Scientific Instruments, University of California Press, Berkeley.
Bensaude-Vincent B., 1999, “Atomism and Positivism: A Legend about French Chemistry”, Annals of Science, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 81–94.
Bensaude-Vincent B. y J. Simon, 2008, Chemistry. The Impure Science, Imperial College Press, Londres.
Bensaude-Vincet, B. e I. Stengers, 1997, Historia de la química, Addison-Wesley/UAM, Madrid.
Bud, R. y D.J. Warner, 1998, Instruments of Science. An Historical Encyclopedia, The Science Museum, Londres y The National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, Londres y Nueva York.
Cerruti, L., 1998, “Chemicals as Instruments. A Language Game”, HYLEInternational Journal for Philosophy of Chemistry, vol. 4, pp. 1–18.
Chalmers, A., 2009, The Scientist’s Atom and the Philosopher’s Stone. How Science Succeeded and Philosophy Failed to Gain Knowledge of Atoms, Springer, Dordrecht.
Chamizo, J.A., 2019, “About Continuity and Rupture in the History of Chemistry: The Fourth Chemical Revolution (1945–1966)”, Foundations of Chemistry, vol. 21, pp. 11–29.
Chamizo J.A., 2017, “The Fifth Chemical Revolution: 1973–1999”, Foundations of Chemistry, vol. 19, pp. 157–179.
Chamizo J.A., 2014, “The Role of Instruments in Three Chemical’ Revolutions”, Science & Education, vol. 23, pp. 955–982.
Chamizo, J.A., 2013, “Technochemistry: One of the Chemist’ Way of Knowing”, Foundations of Chemistry, vol. 15, pp. 157–170.
Chang, H., 2011, “The Persistence of Epistemic Objects through Scientific Change”, Erkenntnis, vol. 75, pp. 413–429.
Chang, H., 2004, Inventing Temperature. Measurement and Scientific Progress, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Clow, A. y N.L. Clow, 1992, The Chemical Revolution. A Contribution to Social Technology, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Filadelfia.
Crosland, M.P., 2005, “Early Laboratories c. 1600–c. 1800 and the Location of Experimental Science”, Annals of Science, vol. 62, pp. 233–253.
Crosland, M.P., 1978, Historical Studies in the Language of Chemistry, Dover, Nueva York.
Dirac, P.A.M., 1929, “Quantum Mechanics of Many Electron Systems”, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A123, pp. 714–733.
Echeverría, J., 2003, Introducción a la metodología de la ciencia. La filosofía de la ciencia en el siglo XX, Cátedra, Madrid.
Elwick, J., 2012, “Layered History: Styles of Reasoning as Stratified Conditions of Possibility”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, vol. 43, pp. 619–627.
Galison, P.L., 1997, “Material Culture, Theoretical Culture and Delocalization”, en J. Krige y D. Pestre (eds.), Science in the Twentieth Century, Harwood Academic Publishers, Singapur.
Gibbons, M., C. Limoges, H. Nowotny, S. Schwartzmann, P. Scott y M. Trow, 1994, The New Production of Knowledge. The Dynamics of Science and Research in Contemporary Societies, Sage, Londres.
Good, R.J., 1999, “Why are Chemists ‘Turned off’ by Philosophy of Science?”, Foundations of Chemistry, vol. 1, pp. 65–95.
Hacking, I., 2013, Revoluciones científicas, FCE, México.
Hacking, I. (comp.), 1985, Revoluciones científicas, FCE, México.
Hacking, I., 1983, Representing and Intervening. Introductory Topics in the Philosophy of Natural Sciences, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Hendry, R., 2019, “Emergence in Chemistry: Substance and Structure”, en S. Gibb, R. Hendry y T. Lancaster (eds.), Routledge Handbook on Emergence, Routledge, Londres, pp. 339–351.
Holmes, F., 1989, Eighteenth-Century Chemistry as an Investigative Enterprise, University of California Press, Berkeley.
Holmes, F. y T.H. Levere (eds.), 2000, Instruments and Experimentation in the History of Chemistry, The MIT Press, Cambridge.
Homburg, E., 2009, “Química e industria, 1500–2000”, Anales de Química, vol. 105, pp. 58–66.
Humphreys, P., 2011, “Computational Science and its Effects”, en M. Carrier y A. Nordmann (eds.), Science in the Context of Application, Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 131–142.
Ihde, A.J., 1984, The Development of Modern Chemistry, Dover, Nueva York.
Jensen, W.B., 2003, Philosophers of Fire. An Illustrated Survey of 600 Years of Chemical History for Students of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati.
Jensen, W.B., 1998, “One Chemical Revolution or Three?”, Journal of Chemical Education, vol. 75, pp. 961–969.
Jensen, W.B., 1980, The Lewis Acid Base Concepts. An Overview, Wiley, Nueva York.
Jorpes, J.E., 1966, Jac. Berzelius. His life and Work, Almqvist & Wiksell, Estocolmo.
Kim, Mi Gyung, 2014, “Stabilizing Chemical Reality: The Analytic-Synthetic Ideal of Chemical Species”, HYLE-International Journal for Philosophy of Chemistry, vol. 20, pp. 117–139.
Klein, U., 2012, “Objects of Inquiry in Classical Chemistry: Material Substances”, Foundations of Chemistry, vol. 14, pp. 7–23.
Klein, U. y E.C. Spary, 2010, Materials and Expertise in Early Modern Europe. Between Market and Laboratory, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Knight, D., 1992, Ideas in Chemistry. A History of the Science, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick.
Kuhn, T., 1992, The Trouble with the Historical Philosophy of Science. Robert and Maurine Rothschild Distinguished Lecture. An Occasional Publication of the Department of History, Harvard University, Cambridge.
Kuhn, T., 1982, La tensión esencial, FCE, México.
Kuhn, T., 1971, La estructura de las revoluciones científicas, FCE, México.
Latour, B., 1992, Ciencia en acción, Labor, Barcelona.
Laudan, R. (ed.), 1984, The Nature of Technological Knowledge. Are Models of Scientific Change Relevant?, Springer, Dordrecht.
Li, C., 1948, The Chemical Arts of Old China, JCE Press, Easton.
Llanos, E.J., W. Leal, D.H. Luu, J. Jost, P.F. Stadler y G. Restrepo, 2019, “Exploration of the Chemical Space and its Three Historical Regimes”, PNAS, vol. 116, pp. 12660–12665.
Llored, J.-P., 2013, The Philosophy of Chemistry. Practices, Methodologies, and Concepts, Cambridge Scholars, Newcastle.
Lombardi, O., 2015, “The Ontological Autonomy of the Chemical World: Facing the Criticisms”, en E. Scerri y L. McIntyre (eds.), Philosophy of Chemistry, Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 23–38.
Lombardi O. y M. Labarca, 2011, “On the Autonomous Existence of Chemical Entities”, Current Physical Chemistry, vol. 1, pp. 69–75.
Lombardi O. y A.R. Pérez Ransanz, 2012, Los múltiples mundos de la ciencia, UNAM-Siglo XXI, México.
Martínez, S.F. y X. Huang, 2015, Hacia una filosofía de la ciencia centrada en prácticas, Bonilla Artigas/Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas-UNAM, México.
Martínez, J.C. y M. Córdoba, 2016, “El problema de las clases naturales en química: algunas dificultades para el microestructuralismo”, Crítica. Revista Hispanoamericana de Filosofía, vol. 48, no. 144, pp. 89–117.
McEvoy, J., 2010, The Historiography of the Chemical Revolution: Patterns of Interpretation in the History of Science, Pickering & Chatto, Londres.
McEvoy, J., 1998, “Continuity and Discontinuity”, Osiris 2nd series, vol. 4, pp. 195–213.
Meyer-Thurow, G., 1982, “The Industrialization of Invention: A Case Study from the German Chemical Industry”, Isis, vol. 73, pp. 363–381.
Morris, P.J.T. (ed.), 2002, From Classical to Modern Chemistry. The Instrumental Revolution, RSC-Science Museum-CHF, Londres.
Nickles, T., 2012, “Some Puzzles about Kuhn’s Exemplars”, en V. Kindi y T. Arabatzis (eds.), Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions Revisited, Routledge, Nueva York, pp. 112–133.
Niiniluoto, I., 1993, “The Aim and Structure of Applied Research”, Erkenntnis, vol. 38, pp. 1–21.
Nordmann, A., H. Radder y G. Schiemann, 2011, Science Transformed? Debating on an Epochal Break, Pittsburg University Press, Pittsburg.
Olivé, L., 2008, El bien, el mal y la razón. Facetas de la ciencia y la tecnología, SPCF–UNAM/Paidós, México.
Pickering, A., 1995, The Mangle of Practices: Time, Agency and Science, Chicago University Press, Chicago.
Pickstone, J., 2000, Ways of Knowing, Manchester University Press, Manchester.
Polanyi, M., 1966, The Tacit Dimension, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Powers, J.C., 2012, Inventing Chemistry. Herman Boerhaave and the Reform of the Chemical Arts, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Priesner, C. y K. Figala (eds.), 2001, Alquimia. Enciclopedia de una ciencia hermética, Herder, Barcelona.
Rheinberger, H.J., 2014, “Partículas citoplásmicas. Trayectoria de un objeto científico”, en L. Daston (ed.), Biografías de los objetos científicos, La Cifra, México, pp. 182–199.
Rocke A.J., 1993, “The Quiet Revolution of the 1850s: Social and Empirical Sources of Scientific Theory”, en S.H. Mauskopf (ed.), Chemical Sciences in the Modern Wold, University of Pennsylvania Press, Filadelfia, pp. 87–118.
Roll-Hansen, N., 2017, “A Historical Perspective on the Distinction between Basic and Applied Science”, Journal for General Philosophy of Science, vol. 48, pp. 535–551.
Ruthenberg K. y A. Mets, 2020, “Chemistry is Pluralistic”, Foundations of Chemistry, vol. 22, pp. 403–419.
Schummer, J., 2021, Ethics of Chemistry. From Poison Gas to Climate Change, World Scientific Publishing, Singapur.
Schummer, J., 2010, “The Philosophy of Chemistry”, en F. Allhoff (ed.), Philosophies of the Sciences, Blackwell-Wiley, Chichester, pp. 163–183.
Schummer, J., 2001, “Ethics of Chemical Synthesis”, HYLE – International Journal for Philosophy of Chemistry, vol. 7, pp. 103–124.
Schweber, S.S., 2016, “On Kuhnian and Hacking-Type Revolutions”, en A. Blum, K. Gavroglu, C. Joas y J. Renn (eds.), Shifting Paradigms: Thomas S. Kuhn and the History of Science, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlín, pp. 337–346.
Shapin, S. y S. Schaffer, 2011, Leviathan and the Air-Pump. Hobbes, Boyle and the Experimental Life, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Siegfried, R., 1988, “The Chemical Revolution in the History of Chemistry”, Osiris, vol. 4, pp. 34–50.
Soler, L., S. Zwart, M. Lynch y V. Israel-Jost (eds.), 2014, Science after the Practice Turn in the Philosophy, History, and Social Studies of Science, Routledge, Nueva York.
Stokes, D., 1997, Pasteur’s Quadrant. Basic Science and Technological Innovation, Brooking Institution Press, Washington.
Suckling, C.J., K.E. Suckling y C.W. Suckling, 1978, Chemistry through Models. Concepts and Applications of Modelling in Chemical Science, Technology and Industry, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Tobin, A. y C. Ambrosio (eds.), 2016, Theory Choice in the History of Chemical Practices, Springer, Switzerland.
Toulmin, S., 1972, Human Understanding, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Van Brakel, J., 2012, “Substances: The Ontology of Chemistry”, en A.I. Woody, R.F. Hendry y P. Needham (eds.), Philosophy of Chemistry, Elsevier, Oxford, pp. 171–209.
Weinberg, S., 1976, “The Forces of Nature”, Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, vol. 29, pp. 13–29.
Woody, A.I., 2003, “On Explanatory Practice and Disciplinary Identity”, en J.E. Earley Sr. (ed.), Chemical Explanation: Characteristics, Development, Autonomy, Nueva York Academy of Sciences, Nueva York, vol. 988, no. 1, pp. 22–29.
Wray, K.W., 2018, “The Atomic Number Revolution in Chemistry: A Kuhnian Analysis”, Foundations of Chemistry, vol. 20, pp. 209–217.
Arabatzis, T., 2008, “Experimenting on (and with) Hidden Entities: The Inextricability of Representation and Intervention”, en U. Feest, H-J. Rheinberger, J. Schickore y F. Steinle (eds.), Generating Experimental Knowledge, Max Plank Institute for the History of Science, Berlín, pp. 7–17.
Arabatzis, T., 2006, Representing Electrons. A Biographical Approach to Theoretical Entities, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Bachelard, G., 1993, La filosofía del no: ensayo de una filosofía del nuevo espíritu científico, Amorrortu, Buenos Aires.
Bachelard, G., 1976, Materialismo racional, Paidós, Buenos Aires.
Baird, D., 2004, Thing Knowledge. A Philosophy of Scientific Instruments, University of California Press, Berkeley.
Bensaude-Vincent B., 1999, “Atomism and Positivism: A Legend about French Chemistry”, Annals of Science, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 81–94.
Bensaude-Vincent B. y J. Simon, 2008, Chemistry. The Impure Science, Imperial College Press, Londres.
Bensaude-Vincet, B. e I. Stengers, 1997, Historia de la química, Addison-Wesley/UAM, Madrid.
Bud, R. y D.J. Warner, 1998, Instruments of Science. An Historical Encyclopedia, The Science Museum, Londres y The National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, Londres y Nueva York.
Cerruti, L., 1998, “Chemicals as Instruments. A Language Game”, HYLEInternational Journal for Philosophy of Chemistry, vol. 4, pp. 1–18.
Chalmers, A., 2009, The Scientist’s Atom and the Philosopher’s Stone. How Science Succeeded and Philosophy Failed to Gain Knowledge of Atoms, Springer, Dordrecht.
Chamizo, J.A., 2019, “About Continuity and Rupture in the History of Chemistry: The Fourth Chemical Revolution (1945–1966)”, Foundations of Chemistry, vol. 21, pp. 11–29.
Chamizo J.A., 2017, “The Fifth Chemical Revolution: 1973–1999”, Foundations of Chemistry, vol. 19, pp. 157–179.
Chamizo J.A., 2014, “The Role of Instruments in Three Chemical’ Revolutions”, Science & Education, vol. 23, pp. 955–982.
Chamizo, J.A., 2013, “Technochemistry: One of the Chemist’ Way of Knowing”, Foundations of Chemistry, vol. 15, pp. 157–170.
Chang, H., 2011, “The Persistence of Epistemic Objects through Scientific Change”, Erkenntnis, vol. 75, pp. 413–429.
Chang, H., 2004, Inventing Temperature. Measurement and Scientific Progress, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Clow, A. y N.L. Clow, 1992, The Chemical Revolution. A Contribution to Social Technology, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Filadelfia.
Crosland, M.P., 2005, “Early Laboratories c. 1600–c. 1800 and the Location of Experimental Science”, Annals of Science, vol. 62, pp. 233–253.
Crosland, M.P., 1978, Historical Studies in the Language of Chemistry, Dover, Nueva York.
Dirac, P.A.M., 1929, “Quantum Mechanics of Many Electron Systems”, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A123, pp. 714–733.
Echeverría, J., 2003, Introducción a la metodología de la ciencia. La filosofía de la ciencia en el siglo XX, Cátedra, Madrid.
Elwick, J., 2012, “Layered History: Styles of Reasoning as Stratified Conditions of Possibility”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, vol. 43, pp. 619–627.
Galison, P.L., 1997, “Material Culture, Theoretical Culture and Delocalization”, en J. Krige y D. Pestre (eds.), Science in the Twentieth Century, Harwood Academic Publishers, Singapur.
Gibbons, M., C. Limoges, H. Nowotny, S. Schwartzmann, P. Scott y M. Trow, 1994, The New Production of Knowledge. The Dynamics of Science and Research in Contemporary Societies, Sage, Londres.
Good, R.J., 1999, “Why are Chemists ‘Turned off’ by Philosophy of Science?”, Foundations of Chemistry, vol. 1, pp. 65–95.
Hacking, I., 2013, Revoluciones científicas, FCE, México.
Hacking, I. (comp.), 1985, Revoluciones científicas, FCE, México.
Hacking, I., 1983, Representing and Intervening. Introductory Topics in the Philosophy of Natural Sciences, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Hendry, R., 2019, “Emergence in Chemistry: Substance and Structure”, en S. Gibb, R. Hendry y T. Lancaster (eds.), Routledge Handbook on Emergence, Routledge, Londres, pp. 339–351.
Holmes, F., 1989, Eighteenth-Century Chemistry as an Investigative Enterprise, University of California Press, Berkeley.
Holmes, F. y T.H. Levere (eds.), 2000, Instruments and Experimentation in the History of Chemistry, The MIT Press, Cambridge.
Homburg, E., 2009, “Química e industria, 1500–2000”, Anales de Química, vol. 105, pp. 58–66.
Humphreys, P., 2011, “Computational Science and its Effects”, en M. Carrier y A. Nordmann (eds.), Science in the Context of Application, Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 131–142.
Ihde, A.J., 1984, The Development of Modern Chemistry, Dover, Nueva York.
Jensen, W.B., 2003, Philosophers of Fire. An Illustrated Survey of 600 Years of Chemical History for Students of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati.
Jensen, W.B., 1998, “One Chemical Revolution or Three?”, Journal of Chemical Education, vol. 75, pp. 961–969.
Jensen, W.B., 1980, The Lewis Acid Base Concepts. An Overview, Wiley, Nueva York.
Jorpes, J.E., 1966, Jac. Berzelius. His life and Work, Almqvist & Wiksell, Estocolmo.
Kim, Mi Gyung, 2014, “Stabilizing Chemical Reality: The Analytic-Synthetic Ideal of Chemical Species”, HYLE-International Journal for Philosophy of Chemistry, vol. 20, pp. 117–139.
Klein, U., 2012, “Objects of Inquiry in Classical Chemistry: Material Substances”, Foundations of Chemistry, vol. 14, pp. 7–23.
Klein, U. y E.C. Spary, 2010, Materials and Expertise in Early Modern Europe. Between Market and Laboratory, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Knight, D., 1992, Ideas in Chemistry. A History of the Science, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick.
Kuhn, T., 1992, The Trouble with the Historical Philosophy of Science. Robert and Maurine Rothschild Distinguished Lecture. An Occasional Publication of the Department of History, Harvard University, Cambridge.
Kuhn, T., 1982, La tensión esencial, FCE, México.
Kuhn, T., 1971, La estructura de las revoluciones científicas, FCE, México.
Latour, B., 1992, Ciencia en acción, Labor, Barcelona.
Laudan, R. (ed.), 1984, The Nature of Technological Knowledge. Are Models of Scientific Change Relevant?, Springer, Dordrecht.
Li, C., 1948, The Chemical Arts of Old China, JCE Press, Easton.
Llanos, E.J., W. Leal, D.H. Luu, J. Jost, P.F. Stadler y G. Restrepo, 2019, “Exploration of the Chemical Space and its Three Historical Regimes”, PNAS, vol. 116, pp. 12660–12665.
Llored, J.-P., 2013, The Philosophy of Chemistry. Practices, Methodologies, and Concepts, Cambridge Scholars, Newcastle.
Lombardi, O., 2015, “The Ontological Autonomy of the Chemical World: Facing the Criticisms”, en E. Scerri y L. McIntyre (eds.), Philosophy of Chemistry, Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 23–38.
Lombardi O. y M. Labarca, 2011, “On the Autonomous Existence of Chemical Entities”, Current Physical Chemistry, vol. 1, pp. 69–75.
Lombardi O. y A.R. Pérez Ransanz, 2012, Los múltiples mundos de la ciencia, UNAM-Siglo XXI, México.
Martínez, S.F. y X. Huang, 2015, Hacia una filosofía de la ciencia centrada en prácticas, Bonilla Artigas/Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas-UNAM, México.
Martínez, J.C. y M. Córdoba, 2016, “El problema de las clases naturales en química: algunas dificultades para el microestructuralismo”, Crítica. Revista Hispanoamericana de Filosofía, vol. 48, no. 144, pp. 89–117.
McEvoy, J., 2010, The Historiography of the Chemical Revolution: Patterns of Interpretation in the History of Science, Pickering & Chatto, Londres.
McEvoy, J., 1998, “Continuity and Discontinuity”, Osiris 2nd series, vol. 4, pp. 195–213.
Meyer-Thurow, G., 1982, “The Industrialization of Invention: A Case Study from the German Chemical Industry”, Isis, vol. 73, pp. 363–381.
Morris, P.J.T. (ed.), 2002, From Classical to Modern Chemistry. The Instrumental Revolution, RSC-Science Museum-CHF, Londres.
Nickles, T., 2012, “Some Puzzles about Kuhn’s Exemplars”, en V. Kindi y T. Arabatzis (eds.), Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions Revisited, Routledge, Nueva York, pp. 112–133.
Niiniluoto, I., 1993, “The Aim and Structure of Applied Research”, Erkenntnis, vol. 38, pp. 1–21.
Nordmann, A., H. Radder y G. Schiemann, 2011, Science Transformed? Debating on an Epochal Break, Pittsburg University Press, Pittsburg.
Olivé, L., 2008, El bien, el mal y la razón. Facetas de la ciencia y la tecnología, SPCF–UNAM/Paidós, México.
Pickering, A., 1995, The Mangle of Practices: Time, Agency and Science, Chicago University Press, Chicago.
Pickstone, J., 2000, Ways of Knowing, Manchester University Press, Manchester.
Polanyi, M., 1966, The Tacit Dimension, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Powers, J.C., 2012, Inventing Chemistry. Herman Boerhaave and the Reform of the Chemical Arts, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Priesner, C. y K. Figala (eds.), 2001, Alquimia. Enciclopedia de una ciencia hermética, Herder, Barcelona.
Rheinberger, H.J., 2014, “Partículas citoplásmicas. Trayectoria de un objeto científico”, en L. Daston (ed.), Biografías de los objetos científicos, La Cifra, México, pp. 182–199.
Rocke A.J., 1993, “The Quiet Revolution of the 1850s: Social and Empirical Sources of Scientific Theory”, en S.H. Mauskopf (ed.), Chemical Sciences in the Modern Wold, University of Pennsylvania Press, Filadelfia, pp. 87–118.
Roll-Hansen, N., 2017, “A Historical Perspective on the Distinction between Basic and Applied Science”, Journal for General Philosophy of Science, vol. 48, pp. 535–551.
Ruthenberg K. y A. Mets, 2020, “Chemistry is Pluralistic”, Foundations of Chemistry, vol. 22, pp. 403–419.
Schummer, J., 2021, Ethics of Chemistry. From Poison Gas to Climate Change, World Scientific Publishing, Singapur.
Schummer, J., 2010, “The Philosophy of Chemistry”, en F. Allhoff (ed.), Philosophies of the Sciences, Blackwell-Wiley, Chichester, pp. 163–183.
Schummer, J., 2001, “Ethics of Chemical Synthesis”, HYLE – International Journal for Philosophy of Chemistry, vol. 7, pp. 103–124.
Schweber, S.S., 2016, “On Kuhnian and Hacking-Type Revolutions”, en A. Blum, K. Gavroglu, C. Joas y J. Renn (eds.), Shifting Paradigms: Thomas S. Kuhn and the History of Science, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlín, pp. 337–346.
Shapin, S. y S. Schaffer, 2011, Leviathan and the Air-Pump. Hobbes, Boyle and the Experimental Life, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Siegfried, R., 1988, “The Chemical Revolution in the History of Chemistry”, Osiris, vol. 4, pp. 34–50.
Soler, L., S. Zwart, M. Lynch y V. Israel-Jost (eds.), 2014, Science after the Practice Turn in the Philosophy, History, and Social Studies of Science, Routledge, Nueva York.
Stokes, D., 1997, Pasteur’s Quadrant. Basic Science and Technological Innovation, Brooking Institution Press, Washington.
Suckling, C.J., K.E. Suckling y C.W. Suckling, 1978, Chemistry through Models. Concepts and Applications of Modelling in Chemical Science, Technology and Industry, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Tobin, A. y C. Ambrosio (eds.), 2016, Theory Choice in the History of Chemical Practices, Springer, Switzerland.
Toulmin, S., 1972, Human Understanding, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Van Brakel, J., 2012, “Substances: The Ontology of Chemistry”, en A.I. Woody, R.F. Hendry y P. Needham (eds.), Philosophy of Chemistry, Elsevier, Oxford, pp. 171–209.
Weinberg, S., 1976, “The Forces of Nature”, Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, vol. 29, pp. 13–29.
Woody, A.I., 2003, “On Explanatory Practice and Disciplinary Identity”, en J.E. Earley Sr. (ed.), Chemical Explanation: Characteristics, Development, Autonomy, Nueva York Academy of Sciences, Nueva York, vol. 988, no. 1, pp. 22–29.
Wray, K.W., 2018, “The Atomic Number Revolution in Chemistry: A Kuhnian Analysis”, Foundations of Chemistry, vol. 20, pp. 209–217.
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